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Female , Humans , Area Under Curve , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Estrogens , Lymph Nodes , Neoplasm Metastasis , Population Characteristics , ErbB Receptors , Receptors, Progesterone , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of cisplatin on analgesia with morphine in rats with incisional pain.Methods Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (group C),normal saline + Pglycoprotein inhibitor LY335979 group (group CL),normal saline + morphine group (group CM),cisplatin group (group S),cisplatin + morphine group (group SM) and cisplatin + morphine + LY335979 group (group SML).Cisplatin 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every two days for 5 times in S,SM and SML groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in C,CL and CM groups.At 2 days after the end of administration,the incisional pain models were established.At 10 min after establishing the model,normal saline 2 ml was injected subcutaneously in C and S groups; LY335979 20 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein and normal saline 2 ml was injected subcutaneously in group CL; morphine 2 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in CM and SM groups; LY335979 20 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein and morphine 2 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group SML.Cumulative pain score was used to evaluate analgesia.Results Compared with group C,cumulative pain scores were significantly decreased in group CM,and no significant change was found in cumulative pain scores in CL and S groups.Compared with group CM,cumulative pain scores were significantly increased in group SM,and no significant change was found in cumulative pain scores in group SML.Cumulative pain scores were significantly lower in group SML than in group SM.Conclusion Cisplatin can weaken analgesia induced by morphine in rats with incisional pain through enhancing P-glycoprotein function in the blood-brain barrier.
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Objective To establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.3-2.7 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each):conventional tidal volume(VT) group (group Ⅰ) and high VT group (group Ⅱ).All the rabbits were tracheostomized and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus for right lung ventilation in the two groups. VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group Ⅰ and at 12 ml/kg in group Ⅱ and the other ventilatory parameters were the same in the two groups (FiO2 50% , RR 40 bpm, I∶E=1∶2). Immediately before OLV(T0) and at 1, 2 and 3 h of OLV (T1-3), peak airway pressure was measured and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h of OLV and lung tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The lung injury was scored. W/D lung weight ratio was calculated. Bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of protein concentrations and neutrophil counts. Results The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3 in group Ⅱ and OI was significantly lower at T2,3 in the two groups than those at T0(P＜0.05) .W/D lung weight ratio and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly lower than those of the left lung in the two groups(P＜0.05).The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3, OI was significantly lower at T3, and W/D lung weight ratio, protein concentrations and neutrophil counts in BALF and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05). Conclusion OLV with VT of 12 ml/kg for 3 h can successfully establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury.
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Objective To evaluate antiangiogenic therapeutics effect with contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound.Methods Kun-min mouse with subcutaneously implanted H22 mice hepatoma were treated with thalidomide or placebo by oral gavage over 7 days, starting at clay 2 post-implantation.Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was performed on day 8.The tumor maximum cross-sectional area and non-enhanced area in ultrasound imaging were measured on the ultrasound machine.The percent of non-enhanced area from contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was calculated.Immediately after imaging, minces were euthanized and tumor tissue removed for fixation in a 10% formalin solution.The section equivalent to ultrasound imaging plane was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) to allow for assessment of maximum cross-section area and necrotic area.The percent of necrotic area from HE stained section was calculated.Results The difference of maximum cross-sectional area measured in ultrasound and pathology slice was not significant between control and treated tumors (P >0.05).Ultrasound measurement of the tumor non-enhanced area and the percent of non-enhanced area were significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P <0.001).The necrotic area and the percent of necrotic area measured from HE stained section were also significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P < 0.001).The maximum cross-sectional area determined by the two methods was well corrected (r = 0.815, P < 0.001).There was good correlation between the non-enhanced area in contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound and the necrotic area in pathology slides (r = 0.909, P <0.001).The percent of non - enhanced area calculated from ultrasound highly correlated with necrotic area estimated by pathology slides (r = 0.910, P <0.001).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound can detect the intratumoral necrosis and changes of tumor perfusion caused by antiangiogenic treatment before apparent change in tumor volume.
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Objective To investigate the influence of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on pharmacodaynamics of cisatracurium in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yr scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30 each): control group and AHH group. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the initial dose of cisatracurium (30, 40, 50 μg/kg) . The radial artery and right internal jugular vein were cannulated. BP, HR, CVP, SpO_2, P_(ET) CO_2 and body temperature were continuously monitored. The response of left adductor pollicis muscle to TOF stimulation of ulna nerve was monitored using TOF- Watch~R SX (Organon). Both groups received 10 ml/kg multiple electrolyte solution (plasma-Lyte A) during induction of anesthesia. In group AHH 15 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 solution was infused via internal jugular vein over 30-40 min in addition to plasma-Lyte A. Five minutes after completion of plasma-Lyte A or HES, cisatracurium 30, 40 or SO fig/kg was injected iv in the respective subgroups. After the maximal T_1 block was achieved, the second dose was given to reach a total dose of 100 μg/kg. The onset time, duration of clinical action, total duration of action and recovery index were recorded. The doses for 50% , 90% and 95% T_1 depression (ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95)) were calculated by Probit method. Results The ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95) of cisatracurium were significantly higher in AHH group than in control group. The onset time of cisatracurium was significantly longer but clinical and total duration of action was significantly shorter in AHH group than in control group. There was no significant difference in recovery index between the two groups. Conclusion AHH can decrease the potency of cisatracurium.